FACTORS AFFECT THE PHYSICAL FITNESS COMPONENTS

It is essential for us to know the components of physical fitness. Modern physical educationists view physical fitness as a quality comprising some different components each with specific requirement for its development and maintenance. 
These components can be classified into two categories 

1. Health related components:- Body composition, Cardio-respiratory endurance, Flexibility, Muscular endurance and Muscular strength.
2. Motor-performance related components:- Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power, Reaction time and Speed

There are various factors which affect the physical fitness components.

Regular Exercise :-

Regular exercise is the most important factor which affects the physical fitness of an individual. It means that if regular exercise are performed, the components of physical fitness can be improved. If exercises are not performed daily, the level of physical fitness will decline.

Amount of Training:- 

The amount of training also affects the physical fitness components. If the amount of training is not upto desirable level, he will be incapable of improving his physical fitness. In other words, it can be said that his physical fitness will remain the same.

So, the amount of training should be higher for improving the components of physical fitness. It should be increased slowly and should be kept in mind that the individual should not be overload with training.

Scientific way of training:- 

scientific way of training may affect the physical fitness components. If the way of training is not scientific, the physical fitness may decrease. As Leonardo de Vinci quoted, "If you are enamoured of practice without scientific knowledge, you are just like a pilot who goes into a ship without rudder and compass, and does not know his destination."

Rest and Relaxation:- 

If proper rest and relaxation are done, there will be positive effect on the physical fitness of an individual.But if he does not have proper rest and relaxation, his level of physical fitness may decline.

Proper conditioning:-

Proper conditioning affects the physical fitness. Conditioning has a direct relationship with fitness components. If physical fitness increases the performance in sports also increases. 

Good Posture:- 

Everyone appreciates the good posture of an individual. It enhance the physical fitness. It is also the symbol of wellness. The person who does not have good posture tens to have lower level of physical fitness. 

Heredity:-

Heredity also plays a vital role in affecting the physical fitness. In fact, heredity decides the structure of a person. Slow twitch fibres (red fibres) and fast twitch fibres (white fibres) also depend on heredity. If the percentage of slow twitch fibre is more, the person will have more endurance, whereas if the percentage of fast twitch fibers is more, the person is likely to have more speed. 

Environment:-

The environment which includes climate, temperature, altitude, social and cultural factors affects the physical fitness of a person. Research studies indicate that the persons who live in cold climate tend to have more physical fitness in comparison to the person who lives in hot climate. There are many socities in the world in which stress is laid down upon physical fitness of individuals. So environment plays a vital role in affecting the physical fitness of a person. 

Standard of living:-

Standard of living also affects the physical fitness of an individual. It plays an indirect role in influencing the physical fitness. It has been observed that the people who have low standard of living, are likely to have less physical fitness. 

Balanced diet🍳🍎🍌🍒:-

Balanced diet is not only helpful in maintaining the physical fitness but it also improves its level. On the other hand, if balanced diet is not taken it will have a negative effect on the level of physical fitness. 

Stress and Tension:-

Stress and tension tend to have negative effect on physical fitness. Stress and tension decrease the psychological power of an individual which in turn reduce the level of physical fitness. 

Drugs:-

Drugs have a specific influence on physical fitness of a person. These drugs enhance the speed, concentration, endurance, explosive power and finally improves the performance in the field of sports. But later on, these drugs have a negative effect on physical fitness of sportspersons. Only due to this fact, authorities have banned these drugs in national and international competitions. 

Intoxication:-

It has negative effect on coordination abilities of a person. Due to intoxication a person loses his balance and his central nervous system also loses its control over body.